H5N1 Avian Influenza in Cats: What Animal Welfare Organizations Need to Know Now

Cats are now part of the story.

While avian influenza (H5N1) has long been a threat to bird populations, a disturbing development has emerged: domestic cats across multiple U.S. states have tested positive for the virus. For shelters, rescues, community cat groups, and access-to-care clinics, this means shifting protocols, staying informed, and protecting both animals and staff.

Why This Matters

Since 2022, H5N1 has spread across all 50 states, devastating wild and domestic bird populations. The virus has jumped to mammals—including over 100 cats between January 2024 and January 2025. Most infected cats had access to poultry or dairy farms, consumed raw meat or milk, or lived outdoors in close proximity to infected birds or animals.

Cats are considered "dead-end hosts," meaning they don’t typically transmit the virus onward—but the virus can still cause severe illness or death. In light of this, organizations working with cats must act with caution.

What You Need to Know

Experts from leading shelter medicine programs are working together to provide up-to-date recommendations for animal shelters, rescues, and clinics. These guidelines help teams know what to look for and how to respond safely when a cat might be exposed to H5N1.

You’ll find easy-to-follow advice on:

• How to assess if a cat might be at risk

• What screening questions to ask during intake

• How to safely handle and isolate cats who may be sick

There are also helpful FAQs answering common questions, like:

• Can cats catch bird flu from their food?

• What signs should I watch for?

• How do I protect other animals in my care?

A recent webinar by veterinary experts also breaks down what H5N1 means for shelters and outlines key steps to keep your staff and animals safe.

If you work with cats—especially in outdoor settings or access-to-care clinics—these resources can help you act quickly and confidently.

Immediate Steps for TNR and Community Cat Programs

• Relocate feeding stations away from water sources used by wild birds

• Don’t feed raw meat or unpasteurized dairy

• Screen cats at intake for exposure or symptoms (see sample questions below)

• Use PPE when handling sick or exposed animals

• Continue spay/neuter efforts, but manage risk by handling at-risk cats last in the day

Ask these questions during intake:

• Has this cat eaten raw meat or milk?

• Has it been near sick/dead birds or other sick animals?

• Is it showing respiratory, eye, or neurological symptoms?

• Was it found on or near a farm with poultry or cattle?

Bottom Line

There’s no need to panic—but there is a need to prepare.

As H5N1 evolves, so must our response. With the right tools and precautions, animal welfare organizations can continue saving lives while minimizing risk. Bookmark the resources above and stay connected to trusted public health and veterinary updates.

Your role in community animal care has never been more vital—or more visible.